Algorithmic Piety: Negotiating Religious Authority and Digital Community Formation among Gen Z in the Post-Secular Public Sphere

Abstract

This study investigates how Generation Z negotiates religious authority and forms communities within the digital landscape, a phenomenon termed "Algorithmic Piety." In the post-secular public sphere, religious expression has not vanished but has migrated to algorithmic platforms like TikTok and Instagram. This paper explores the tension between traditional religious hierarchies and the decentralized authority found in digital spaces. Using a qualitative approach through digital ethnography and in-depth interviews, the study analyzed the consumption habits of religious content among Gen Z users. The results indicated that algorithms significantly influence the selection of religious figures, prioritizing relatability and engagement over theological credentials. Consequently, new forms of "digital ummah" are formed based on shared algorithmic feeds rather than geographical proximity. However, this also leads to fragmentation and echo chambers. The study concludes that algorithmic piety represents a shift in religious consciousness where authority is negotiated daily through likes, shares, and algorithmic curation. This research contributes to understanding the intersection of technology and spirituality in contemporary society.